The gpasswd command is used to administer “/etc/group” and “/etc/gshadow” file but that does not give you the complete context. In other words, using the gpasswd command, you can add or remove users from a group, add or remove passwords from a group, promote a
The getent command is used to fetch entries from the administrative text files, also known as databases. The supported databases are ahosts, ahostsv4, ahostsv6, aliases, ethers, group, gshadow, hosts, initgroups, netgroup, networks, passwd, protocols, rpc, services, and shadow. In this article, you will learn how
Every user in Linux is assigned with unique IDs, a.k.a. UIDs, and groups are assigned with group IDs, a.k.a. GIDs; groups can even contain more than one user identity that you can later use to manage users in that group. To know all the users’
The Linux system consists of multiple users and groups; there might be a large number of users in your system that can be easily managed by adding them to a specific group. After adding them, you can easily assign different permissions and policies to that
Linux administrators are allowed to create “normal user accounts” with a range from 1000 to 60000 uids, where uid 0 is reserved for “root users” and “system users” are allowed uids from 1 to 999. Normal users might rarely reach this threshold, creating so many
The chage command is identical to the passwd command used to change user account and password expiration information. Using this command, you can list the user’s password information, enable or disable password expiration, set the account expiration date, or force the user to change their
When you create a new user account and set a password for that account, the “password expires” status is set to never (ex: 0). Apart from that, the “password inactive” and “account expires” statuses are also set to never, and your last password change will
The passwd command is used to modify the user’s password and its properties, like deleting the password, expiring the password, deactivating the account, and many more. The owner of an account only has permission to modify its password properties, except for the root user, who
The chown command is used to modify the user and group ownership of files and directories. It will be helpful to restrict the access permissions for files and directories to selective users and members of group. Tutorial Details Description Chown (Change Ownership) Difficulty Level Moderate
The chmod command is used to modify the access permissions of files and directories. It can modify the read, write, and executable permissions, which can help you control shell script execution or specific file modifications. In this article, you will learn how to change referenced
The stat command is used to get detailed information about a file or filesystem, such as the file size, blocks, IO blocks, device type, SELinux security context string, Inode, permissions, and modification date. Tutorial Details Description Stat Difficulty Level Low Root or Sudo Privileges No
The PWD (a.k.a. “present working directory”) will print the path of the directory you are currently working in, starting from the root directory to the current directory. Tutorial Details Description PWD (Present Working Directory) Difficulty Level Low Root or Sudo Privileges No OS Compatibility Ubuntu,
