A Linux server is operated by multiple users who can login and logout at any given time without any restriction (of course, they should have the proper privileges). In an occasion like a data breach, you might want to track user activity to investigate the
The uptime command is one of the many resourceful Linux utilities for sysadmins that is capable of telling the system boot related information like the current time, the uptime (in days and hours), the number of users currently logged on to the system, and the
The w command is a built-in Linux utility that allows you to list logged-in users on your system, including additional information about them. This includes their username, the terminal devices (TTY) they are using, the remote host or IP address they have connected from, the
We recently published a detailed article on the use of the readlink command in Linux; if you read that article, you will understand this better. In short, both are identical tools for finding the original file to which the soft link points. But this tool
PING, also known as “Packet Internet Groper”, is the most common networking tool used in Windows, Linux, and macOS to test the connection between the source and the destination. The destination, or remote system, could be a web server, your router, or a computer on
You might already be aware of the Linux shell’s default behavior of capturing each user’s executed commands and storing them in the “~/.bash_history” file, so later you can view the history list using the history command. Although, history is not the only location where your
The type command tells you the actual type of the referenced command. With this information, you can figure out how a command will be interpreted when you execute it in the terminal. The following is the list of known command types: Aside from showing the
As its name suggests, the sleep command is commonly used by shell script writers to delay the execution of individual or portions of commands specified after this command in script. Using this command, you can delay the next command’s execution for the specified number of
If you are a sysadmin, then wall command can be your next favorite Linux tool, thinking why? With the help of this tool, you can broadcast messages to all logged-in users on your system, either locally or via SSH. This tool comes in handy, especially
This article will teach you what systemd is and why it replaced SysVinit; what systemd unit files are; how to list all and specific unit files; and how to view the content of a unit configuration file. Why SystemD? To understand Systemd, you must first
In this article, you will learn about the short description of the init process, the runlevels of init, and the init command in a Linux system. What is Init Process? In layman’s terms, when you press the power button, your system will first look for
Proc file system (short for “procfs”, referring to “/proc” dir) is a virtual file system (not a real file system) that is mounted on system boot to store information related to running processes. The proc file system stores useful information about the running process and
