The chmod command is used to modify the access permissions of files and directories. It can modify the read, write, and executable permissions, which can help you control shell script execution or specific file modifications. In this article, you will learn how to change referenced
The stat command is used to get detailed information about a file or filesystem, such as the file size, blocks, IO blocks, device type, SELinux security context string, Inode, permissions, and modification date. Tutorial Details Description Stat Difficulty Level Low Root or Sudo Privileges No
The PWD (a.k.a. “present working directory”) will print the path of the directory you are currently working in, starting from the root directory to the current directory. Tutorial Details Description PWD (Present Working Directory) Difficulty Level Low Root or Sudo Privileges No OS Compatibility Ubuntu,
The ls command is used to list all files and directories in the specified directory. Apart from that, it will also show you the properties of the files and directories, like their permissions, ownership, size, and modification date. Tutorial Details Description ls Difficulty Level Low
The echo command takes the text or file as an argument and prints the output on the terminal screen. It is mostly used in shell scripts when developers create a variable and use the variable to print the value on screen using the echo command.
The file command in Linux is used to determine the MIME encoding (e.g. “image/jpeg; charset=binary”) or file type (e.g. “ASCII text”) for the target file. Tutorial Details Description Determine file type Difficulty Level Low Root or Sudo Privileges Yes (for one command) OS Compatibility Ubuntu,
The “/dev/null” file is a special file that can be found in all Linux systems. They are also referred to as “null device files”, “void”, and sometimes “a black hole of Linux”. There is not any specific role for this file; however, if you redirect
If you ever used vim, nano, or read commands, you were already using the stdin stream. Or if you were listing the files and directories from your system using the ls command, you were using the stdout stream. In case you misspelled your command or
The sed command is a stream editor that helps you search, find, replace, insert, and delete strings from the referenced text file without opening it. It is similar to the AWK and grep commands that follow the regular expression approach to modify the string from
Awk is a domain-specific programming language that can be used as a Linux command-line tool or within a shell script. The working is similar to the sed and grep commands, extracting the data from the reference file using the regular expressions. It can be piped
The “systemctl mask” and “systemctl disable” are both crucial commands for Linux administrators, and you must know their differences to decide which one to choose in certain situations. The “systemctl enable” command allows your services to start on system boot. If you disable your service
Most Linux distributions, such as Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Redhat, Manjaro, or OpenSUSE, use systemd as their init system; if unsure, you can check whether you are using systemd or not. Despite all the criticism surrounding systemd, it still holds the number one position on the
